Defence Industry in Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia's Strategic Position in Canada's Defence Industry

Nova Scotia has long been recognized as a cornerstone of Canada's defence infrastructure, with its strategic Atlantic location making it an essential hub for military operations, shipbuilding, and defence technology development. The province's deep-water ports, skilled workforce, and established industrial base have positioned it as a critical player in both national security and the broader North Atlantic defence ecosystem.

The defence industry in Nova Scotia contributes approximately $1.5 billion annually to the provincial economy, supporting over 12,000 direct and indirect jobs across the region. From the historic Halifax Dockyard to cutting-edge cybersecurity firms, the sector encompasses a diverse range of capabilities that continue to evolve with modern military requirements and technological advancements.

For engineering firms operating in Atlantic Canada, the defence sector presents significant opportunities for growth, innovation, and long-term contracts. Understanding the landscape of this industry is essential for businesses seeking to contribute to Canada's national security infrastructure while building sustainable operations in the Maritime provinces.

Major Defence Installations and Facilities

CFB Halifax and Maritime Forces Atlantic

Canadian Forces Base Halifax serves as the headquarters for Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and represents the largest military installation on Canada's East Coast. The base encompasses multiple facilities across the Halifax Regional Municipality, including:

• HMC Dockyard – The primary naval base supporting the Atlantic Fleet, with berthing capacity for frigates, destroyers, and support vessels

• CFB Halifax Stadacona – Administrative and training facilities supporting over 8,000 military personnel

• 12 Wing Shearwater – Canada's primary East Coast military aviation facility, home to maritime helicopter operations

• Fleet Maintenance Facility Cape Scott – Comprehensive ship repair and maintenance capabilities

These installations require continuous engineering support for infrastructure maintenance, systems upgrades, and facility modernization. Projects range from structural assessments of heritage buildings to the design of advanced communications systems and environmental remediation initiatives.

Munitions and Logistics Facilities

The Canadian Forces Ammunition Depot Bedford and associated logistics facilities provide critical support for Atlantic Canadian military operations. These installations require specialized engineering expertise in areas such as explosion-resistant construction, climate-controlled storage systems, and secure transportation infrastructure.

The National Shipbuilding Strategy and Irving Shipbuilding

The National Shipbuilding Strategy (NSS) represents the largest procurement program in Canadian history, with Irving Shipbuilding in Halifax serving as the combat vessel construction partner. This multi-decade initiative is transforming Nova Scotia's maritime industrial capabilities while creating unprecedented opportunities for engineering firms throughout the region.

Canadian Surface Combatant Program

The Canadian Surface Combatant (CSC) program will deliver 15 new warships to the Royal Canadian Navy, with construction taking place at the Halifax Shipyard. These vessels, based on the BAE Systems Type 26 Global Combat Ship design, represent some of the most sophisticated naval platforms ever constructed in Canada.

Key specifications of the CSC vessels include:

• Displacement of approximately 7,800 tonnes

• Length of 151.4 metres overall

• Advanced combat management systems and sensor suites

• Accommodation for approximately 200 crew members plus embarked personnel

• Hangar facilities for maritime helicopters and unmanned aerial systems

The total program value exceeds $77 billion, with significant portions allocated to Canadian suppliers and subcontractors. Engineering services required for this program span naval architecture, structural analysis, mechanical systems design, electrical engineering, and integration of complex combat systems.

Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ships

Irving Shipbuilding has successfully delivered multiple Harry DeWolf-class Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ships (AOPS), with the program demonstrating Nova Scotia's capacity for complex naval construction. These 103-metre vessels are designed for operations in challenging Arctic conditions, featuring ice-strengthened hulls capable of navigating through one-metre thick ice.

The AOPS program has established robust supply chains throughout Atlantic Canada, with over 300 Canadian suppliers contributing components, systems, and engineering services. This infrastructure provides a foundation for the larger CSC program and ongoing naval vessel support contracts.

Defence Technology and Cybersecurity

Growing Technology Ecosystem

Nova Scotia has emerged as a significant centre for defence technology development, particularly in areas such as cybersecurity, ocean technology, and autonomous systems. The presence of major research institutions, including Dalhousie University and the National Research Council's Ocean Technology facilities, creates a robust innovation ecosystem.

Key technology focus areas include:

• Maritime Domain Awareness – Sensor systems, surveillance platforms, and data fusion technologies for monitoring coastal and offshore environments

• Underwater Vehicle Technology – Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) for military and commercial applications

• Cybersecurity Solutions – Protection systems for critical infrastructure, secure communications, and threat detection capabilities

• Simulation and Training Systems – Virtual reality environments, tactical simulators, and computer-based training platforms

Defence Research and Development

Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) maintains significant facilities in Nova Scotia, including DRDC Atlantic in Dartmouth. These research centres focus on underwater warfare, naval platform survivability, and emerging maritime technologies. Collaboration between DRDC, industry partners, and academic institutions drives innovation that benefits both military and civilian applications.

Engineering firms with capabilities in research and development can access funding through programs such as the Innovation for Defence Excellence and Security (IDEaS) program, which supports Canadian companies in developing solutions for defence and security challenges.

Supply Chain and Procurement Opportunities

Controlled Goods Program Requirements

Companies seeking to participate in the Canadian defence supply chain must understand and comply with the Controlled Goods Program (CGP), administered by Public Services and Procurement Canada. Registration under this program is mandatory for organizations that examine, possess, or transfer controlled goods, which include:

• Military equipment and components

• Technical data and specifications for defence systems

• Dual-use technologies with military applications

• Cryptographic equipment and software

The registration process requires comprehensive security assessments, designated officials within the organization, and ongoing compliance with strict handling and storage protocols. For engineering firms, CGP registration opens doors to contracts involving sensitive technical work and classified design information.

Industrial and Technological Benefits

Canada's Industrial and Technological Benefits (ITB) Policy requires that defence contractors receiving major government contracts create economic value in Canada equivalent to the contract value. This policy creates significant opportunities for Canadian engineering firms to participate in large defence programs as subcontractors or partners.

Prime contractors actively seek qualified Canadian suppliers to fulfil ITB obligations, particularly in areas such as:

• Structural engineering and analysis services

• Mechanical and electrical systems design

• Project management and technical consulting

• Testing, evaluation, and certification services

• Maintenance, repair, and overhaul support

Infrastructure and Engineering Requirements

Port and Maritime Infrastructure

Nova Scotia's defence industry relies on sophisticated port infrastructure capable of supporting naval operations, shipbuilding activities, and logistics requirements. Engineering services essential to maintaining and upgrading this infrastructure include:

• Marine structural engineering – Design and assessment of wharves, jetties, and drydock facilities

• Dredging and navigation – Maintaining adequate water depths for military vessels with drafts exceeding 7 metres

• Utilities and services – Shore power connections, fuel distribution systems, and wastewater management

• Security infrastructure – Perimeter protection, access control, and surveillance systems

Facility Modernization and Sustainability

Defence facilities throughout Atlantic Canada are undergoing significant modernization efforts to improve operational efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and extend service life. The Department of National Defence has committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, creating demand for engineering services in areas such as:

• Energy efficiency assessments and retrofits

• Renewable energy system integration

• Building automation and control systems

• Environmental remediation of contaminated sites

• Climate resilience and adaptation measures

Workforce Development and Industry Collaboration

Skills and Training Requirements

The defence industry in Nova Scotia faces ongoing challenges in attracting and retaining skilled workers, particularly in specialized engineering disciplines. Industry associations and educational institutions have responded with targeted programs to develop the next generation of defence industry professionals.

Key initiatives include partnerships between Irving Shipbuilding and the Nova Scotia Community College for trades training, graduate programs at Dalhousie University focused on naval architecture and ocean engineering, and industry-sponsored research positions that combine academic study with practical experience.

Industry Associations and Networks

Engineering firms seeking to engage with the defence sector benefit from participation in industry associations such as the Atlantic Canada Aerospace and Defence Association (ACADA), which provides networking opportunities, market intelligence, and advocacy support. These organizations facilitate connections between prime contractors and potential suppliers while promoting the region's capabilities to national and international stakeholders.

The Centre for Ocean Ventures and Entrepreneurship (COVE) in Dartmouth serves as a collaborative hub for ocean technology companies, including those with defence applications. This facility provides access to testing infrastructure, technical expertise, and business development support for companies developing innovative maritime solutions.

Future Outlook and Emerging Opportunities

The defence industry in Nova Scotia is positioned for sustained growth over the coming decades, driven by major procurement programs, evolving security requirements, and the province's strategic advantages. Several emerging areas present particular opportunities for engineering firms:

• NORAD Modernization – Significant investments in North American aerospace defence will require infrastructure upgrades and technology integration across Atlantic Canada

• Autonomous Systems – Growing use of unmanned platforms for surveillance, logistics, and combat support creates demand for engineering expertise in robotics and artificial intelligence

• Space and Satellite Technologies – Maritime domain awareness increasingly relies on space-based sensors, creating opportunities for ground station infrastructure and data processing capabilities

• Critical Infrastructure Protection – Heightened focus on protecting essential services from physical and cyber threats requires comprehensive engineering solutions

The federal government's commitment to increasing defence spending to meet NATO obligations suggests continued investment in Canadian defence capabilities, with Atlantic Canada well-positioned to capture a significant share of this spending.

Partner with Sangster Engineering Ltd. for Your Defence Industry Projects

As Nova Scotia's defence industry continues to expand, the need for qualified engineering partners has never been greater. Sangster Engineering Ltd. brings extensive experience in structural, mechanical, and civil engineering to support defence-related projects throughout Atlantic Canada. Our team understands the unique requirements of working within the defence sector, including security protocols, quality standards, and the technical rigour demanded by military applications.

Whether you require engineering support for facility assessments, infrastructure upgrades, or participation in major procurement programs, Sangster Engineering Ltd. offers the expertise and professionalism your project demands. Located in Amherst, Nova Scotia, we are strategically positioned to serve clients across the Maritime provinces and beyond.

Contact Sangster Engineering Ltd. today to discuss how our engineering services can support your defence industry requirements. Together, we can contribute to Canada's national security while building a stronger economy in Atlantic Canada.

Partner with Sangster Engineering

At Sangster Engineering Ltd. in Amherst, Nova Scotia, we bring decades of engineering experience to every project. Serving clients across Atlantic Canada and beyond.

Contact us today to discuss your engineering needs.